What term refers to a surge in pressure caused by suddenly stopping the flow of a stream of water?

The term that refers to a surge in pressure caused by suddenly stopping the flow of a stream of water is known as water hammer. This phenomenon occurs when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly, creating a shock wave that travels back through the piping system. As the water abruptly halts, the momentum of the moving water causes a rapid change in pressure, leading to a loud banging noise and potential damage to pipes or fixtures.

Understanding water hammer is crucial in firefighting and general plumbing, as managing water flow and preventing such pressure spikes can maintain system integrity and reduce the risk of leaks or ruptures in a water delivery system. It is essential to recognize how these dynamics function to ensure the safety and effectiveness of water-based firefighting operations.