How is nuclear energy created?

Nuclear energy is created through processes that involve the nucleus of an atom, specifically through nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. In nuclear fission, the nucleus of a heavy atom, such as uranium or plutonium, is split into two smaller nuclei, along with the release of a tremendous amount of energy. Conversely, in nuclear fusion, two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, which also releases energy. This energy is harnessed in nuclear power plants to generate electricity.

The focus on the atomic nucleus is key to understanding how nuclear energy differs from other forms of energy generation. Unlike methods such as burning fossil fuels, which release energy through chemical reactions, or using solar panels that convert sunlight directly into electricity, nuclear energy taps into the fundamental forces within atoms. Thus, the correct choice reflects the scientific principles underlying nuclear energy production.